Will Congress Take Another Swipe at Credit Cards?
Excerpt:
The "interchange fee" (sometimes called the "swipe fee") is an element of the price a merchant pays when a consumer uses a credit card for a purchase. Interchange partially compensates the cardholder's bank for the cost and risk of offering payment cards to consumers. This includes clearing costs, billing and collection, fraud recovery, customer service, credit losses, and the resolution of any disputes that might arise from the transaction.
Credit cards generate three basic revenue streams: finance charges, merchant fees, and behavior-based fees such as penalties for late payment. Because annual fees have largely disappeared on standard credit cards, interchange is generally the only compensation issuers receive for the billions of dollars of credit they make available to consumers who pay their balance off every month. Credit unions and community banks, which cater to lower-risk customers who are less prone to revolve balances and pay penalty fees, rely especially heavily on interchange revenues.
Merchants pay, on average, less than 2% of the transaction amount in interchange fees. In exchange, merchants are relieved of the cost and risk associated with running their own in-house credit operations. And they benefit because consumers can make purchases even when they don't have enough cash in their wallets. This deal is voluntarily assumed by merchants who agree to accept payment cards because the benefits exceed these costs.
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The most important pro-consumer innovation in payment systems of the past two decades has been the general disappearance of annual fees on most credit cards. Cardholders now carry and use multiple cards at little or no cost. The consequences for consumer choice and competition have been profound—card issuers compete for consumer business literally every time they open their wallet to make a purchase.
Annual fees are essentially a tax on card-holding. Policies that produced a return of annual fees would strangle this process of competition by making it more expensive for consumers to hold multiple cards and to switch cards easily. Small businesses, three-quarters of which rely on credit cards, would also have to pay more to maintain access to multiple credit lines, stifling the most potent engine of economic recovery.
Discouraging credit card use would also slow the evolution from a paper-based payment system to a more efficient electronic system. In 2009 the Federal Reserve budgeted $600 million just to print currency (excluding coins). This doesn't even consider the deadweight costs to the economy of cash, such as the time consumers spend making ATM transactions, the cost of paying armed guards to drive around pieces of paper in armored cars, increased crime and tax evasion, or the time spent waiting in the checkout line behind check-writers. Checks are so inefficient that British banks have announced a plan to phase out their use by 2018.
Comments: Would that US Banks phase out checks! I'm one who benefits by not paying an annual fee, the use and convenience of ready credit, and a rewards program!
